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The Development of the Monist View of History
''The Development of the Monist View of History'' is the major work of the Russian philosopher Georgi Plekhanov,〔 published in 1895.〔Plekhanov, Georgi, "The Development of the Monist View of History" contained in the ''Selected Philosophical Works: Volume 1'', pp. 480-697.〕 Plekhanov gives an account of modern social and philosophical thought as culminating in Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx and seen through the materialism of Ludwig Feuerbach.
Plekhanov wrote under the pseudonym Beltov and admitted to the use of the "purposely clumsy" name "Monist View" in order to deceive the censors of the Russian government. The book passed the censors and was legally published in Russia.〔V. A. Fomina, "Introductory Essay" contained in the ''Selected Philosophical Works: Volume 1'', p. 16.〕 ''The Development of the Monist View of History'' became a very popular defense of the materialistic conception of history. Vladimir Lenin would later comment that it "helped educate a whole generation of Russian Marxists."〔 Frederick Engels commented in a January 30, 1895 letter to Vera Zasulich that it had been published at a most opportune time.〔Engels' letter to Vera Zasulich dated January 30, 1895 contained in the ''Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 50'' (New York: International Publishers, 2004) p. 436.〕 Tsar Nicholas II had just released a statement on January 29 (or January 17 under the old Russian calendar) that announced that it was fruitless for the ''Zemstvos'', locally elected district councils, to agitate for any more democratic reforms in the Russian government.〔See note 505 contained in the ''Collected works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 50, p. 601.〕 Nicholas II had decided to return Russia to the absolute Tsarist autocracy of his father, Alexander III. The elected ''Zemstvos'', which formed a local government in the European sectors of the Russian Empire, had been initiated by Nicholas' grandfather, Tsar Alexander II in 1864.〔See note 504 in the ''Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 50'' (New York: International Publishers, 2004) p. 601.〕 Under Nicholas II's re-initiation of absolute autocracy, the ''Zemstvos'' would become superfluous and basically be abolished. Engels expected this announcement would cause an upsurge in popular protest in Russian and Engels thought the timely publication of Plekhanov's book would augment that popular protest.
Later on February 8, 1895, Engels wrote directly to Plekhanov congratulating him on the "great success" of getting the book "published ''inside the country''".〔Engels' letter to Georgi Plekhanov dated February 8, 1895 contained in the ''Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 50, p. 439.〕 A German edition was published in Stuttgart in 1896.〔Fomina, V. A. "Introductory Essay" contained in the ''Selected Philosophical Works: Volume I'', p. 16.〕
==References==
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